Statement Of Teaching Philosophy Education Essay

Geting a second linguistic discourse is a womb-to-tomb procedure that requires bulky attempt and dedication. Many pupils come to my Chinese category anticipating it to either be a stepping-stone to better calling chance or a telephone circuit to feed their wonder towards alien Chinese civilization and history. With this in query, I have three chief aims for my instruction 1. ) to ease the development of world(a) sense and range of a function for Chinese linguistic communication and civilization, 2 ) to bring home the bacon cardinal intuition and tools built-in to Chinese larning procedure, 3 ) to further tiny thought, self-learning consciousness and the capableness to use what they learn to practical scenarios. I finish these aims by making an engaging, student-centered acquirement environment in which I shopping center myself as a facilitator for my pupils larning procedure. My overarching end is to permeate pupils with relentless enthusiasm and grasp towards Chinese l inguistic communication, and finally, barrack them to go womb-to-tomb Chinese scholars and talkers.Bing a Chinese linguistic communication teacher, I try to incorporate my cognition gained as a research worker in linguistics and 2nd linguistic communication acquisition field, my passion as a disposed Asiatic linguistic communication scholar and my individuality as a native Chinese talker into my category. During my three old ages instruction, I securely believe and ever adhere to the undermentioned rules.First, I ever turn over to get to a student-centered linguistic communication acquisition environment, which is reflected in respective(a) panoramas of my instruction. One facet lies in that I ever design and order my category to suit what pupils genuinely want. For around pupils, the ultimate end of larning a linguistic communication is to be able to efficaciously pass on in that linguistic communication. Therefore, I include many synergistic activities which greet commo n state of affairss in day-to-day life to hone pupils major power to use their acquisition to practical scenarios. For case, when learning a lesson near dinning, I ask my pupils to take part in a role-play activity that simulates a common scenario in a Chinese eating house. Students are diametric up into groups of two and presume the function of clients or servers. Then, client result inquire waiter/waitress about recommendation on dishes utilizing a bill of fare from an reliable Chinese eating house. Furthermore, I bring forward pupils to prosecute in conversation with native Chinese talker by making a linguistic communication spouse plan, in which pupils are required to speak with his/her native Chinese spouse often. In my category, I place myself in a function non merely as a instructor that provides necessary cognition, but as a facilitator that guides pupils to detect the debaucher of the linguistic communication. Through debut of these communicative activities, I aim to make a linguistic communication larning environment that is driven by its sincerely purpose, that is, to accomplish effectual Chinese communicating in pattern.A student-centered acquisition environment is besides indicated by the fact that instructor should ever prise each pupil and go to to each pupil s limited demands. As the affectional filter is a really of import ingredient in foreign linguistic communication acquisition, A it is of import for me to be patient with pupils who make errors. I invariably remind my pupils that doing errors is an inevitable delegate of advancement in linguistic communication acquisition and a in effect(p) chance to larn. I besides pay particular attending to pupils who pivot behind by doing certain they have all the aid they inquire to catch up.Second, I make every attempt to maintain pupils elicit and motivated. As an experient linguistic communication scholar myself, I find that the most effectual goaded force to truly get the hanging a linguistic communication is echt involvement in that linguistic communication. Therefore, I try to actuate my pupils by maintaining the category moral force, entertaining and enlightening. On one manus, I introduce assorted synergistic activities that simulate kindle scenarios in day-to-day life, in which pupils are encouraged to travel about and organize groups at will. Such activities make the category more live and stimulate pupils desire to better their acquisition. On the other manus, I besides include some relevant Chinese folklores, history and pop civilization in each talk that pupils find most interesting. For illustration, I excuse the Chinese tradition of delegating a specific birth animate being to each twelvecalendar month when learning the Chinese footings for day of the month and clip. I find fun facts like this brand pupils more attentive and greatly prolong keeping period. I think strong condition and involvement will non merely better pupils public prese ntation in category, but besides let them to profit from the Chinese acquisition know even beyond the schoolroom environment.Third, I believe that instructors and pupils must be portion of the invariably altering technological landscape. Technology permeates every facet of life, which I find can be a really stiff tool in linguistic communication acquisition. I use a assortment of multimedia tools in category to ease instruction, such as slides, film cartridge holders and audio extract. I besides add useable on-line resources, including online classs, intelligence and articles to my repertory, which provide a good beginning for my pupils to prosecute in self-learning activity, which is indispensable to linguistic communication larning procedure. Additionally, I take advantage of the platform the university provides to roll up pupils prep online, which ensures timely appraisal.Bing a linguistic communication instructor is a ambitious yet highly watching undertaking, as a instruc tor can hold profound conflict to a pupil life. I feel of all time so delighted and accomplished whenever my pupils show their aptitude in Chinese linguistic communication or echt involvement towards Chinese civilization. After the past tense three old ages being a Chinese linguistic communication teacher, there is non a individual uncertainty left in my head that my life will be devoted to this baronial end, that is, to animate pupils to go womb-to-tomb scholars of Chinese linguistic communication.

Health Care Spending Paper Essay

This paper leave alone include the current wellness all(prenominal)ot expenditures whether using up is similarly much or not enough, where the state of matter should add or skitter, how the habituals wellness disquiet demand are remunerative and provide a direct for the future economic needs, why these needs must be directed, how I hear these needs pull up stakes be financed and conclusion.Current wellness Expenditures wellness business organisation cost have been locomote for several years. Expenditures in the United States on wellness care surpassed $2.3 million in 2008, more than three times the $714 billion spent in 1990, and over eight times the $253 billion spent in 1980. Stemming this reaping has become a study policy priority, as the governance, employers, and consumers increasingly essay to come about up with health care cost. Hospital disbursal, the largest share of overall health care spending, is a major driver of increased costs The current n ational expenditure have tripled over the last decennium particularly in hospital care, physician/clinical services and medicate ( Kaiser, 2010). The United States is at an all time high in health care. In the health care system there are roughly factors that contribute to this increase. It is getting to the tiptop that more and more Americans cannot render health care, because of the cost of health care is getting harder to maintain for their families.Whether Spending is too much or not enoughIt is difficult to pin point one exact factor why spending is escalating. The chart down the stairs states that hospital care, physician/clinical services and prescription drugs are where the most spending is taking place (Kaiser, 2010). This shows we are spending too much, especially in these top three categories listed. When health care cost is steadily increasing, so we are spending a great deal in the list above.National Health Expenditures, 2008 picSource Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, National Health Statistics GroupWhere the Nation Should Add or CutMedicare and Medicaid account for a significant share of health care spending (Kaiser, 2010) and also tally to the above chart we could cut in the hospital care, physician/clinical services and prescription drugs. This is why we need to cut as farthermost as the nation is concerned because these regimen courses Medicare and Medicaid are funding health cost at a steady growth. We have to work on controlling this program before it controls us. If we do not start black from roughwhere we give be in a serious famine for health care in the United States. Then we need to cut prescription drugs cost, so it can be affordable to everyone, so the government needs to intercede the pharmaceutical companies closely to manage this expense.How the Publics Health heraldic bearing needs are PaidAlthough Americans benefit from many of the investments in health care, the recent rapid c ost growth, coupled with an overall economic slowdown and rising federal deficit, is placing great strains on the systems apply to finance health care, including private employer-sponsored health insurancecoverage and public insurance programs such as Medicare and Medicaid ( Kaiser, 2010 ). The publics health care payments are paid by Medicaid and Medicare if eligible for this government health program and other private health insurance companies, for face Blue tangle and Blue Shield, Aetna, Cigna and United Health Care are just a few the public health care is paid. There are rough populate who pay start of pocket, whether they can afford it or not. count on the Future Economic needsScott Donahue, vice president of Triple point healthcare advisory group, agrees, pointing to statistics such as those found in the 2009 PricewaterhouseCoopers Health Research Institute cartoon that revealed nearly one half of the $2.2 jillion the United States spends each year on healthcare is wasted. While it is impossible to point to any single breakdown contributing to the waste, it is clear from the studys findings that this is an industry that has significantly underutilized technology to improve efficiencies, he says, adding that confuse computing could economic aid mend a healthcare system that is stuck in the inefficiencies and limitations found in older legacy systems (Chavis, 2011).There needs to be an investment in our technology system for health care for example electronic checkup records (EMR) to better serve the patients and technology that is being indispensable to give feature service and modify the providers wages, since in the hospital this is the biggest cost. This is a start in the direction to accommodate the Americans who cannot afford health care. These small changes can contribute to a clear forecast in health care. apprehend why these needs must be addressThis issue needs to be address because health care cost is soaring and if we do not i ntercept and bear some real changes the American people will not afford medical services. The health providers and facilities are making big bills and they need to work with the people to help with this expense we have made. The government can help by fine tuning the Medicare and Medicaidprogram, so people can benefit fairly from it. We need to get proactive in prevention, so we our bodies will stay healthy for a long life.Forecast how I envision these needs will be financedI envision a new administration making some major changes to make health care affordable for all Americans. The private insurance companies will need to work on some alternative health care package to their consumers for health care cost. The government in Washington to period thinking of them and focus on health care cost, so all can manage health expense and get continued quality care also.ConclusionThe bottom line we need to concentrate on cutting cost of health care and quality care, which we all merit as human beings. There is not just one factor that contributes to the health expenditure but several pieces to this puzzle that makes this a major health cost issue. We need to find ways to decrease spending too much, so people can benefit from their health envision. The nation should consider cutting hospital care, clinical services and prescription drugs, since these are the top expenses for health care. This would definitely clear a path for cut back cost. The public can barely afford to pay premiums to their private health insurance companies but if they want coverage they have to pay. The ones who qualify for Medicare and Medicaid will get help from this government program for health care cost and yes some people still pay out of pocket to maintain their health conditions.Technology is one investment to keep up with the growing health care needs of people. We must address these health cost concerns or they will get out of control, so we need to be proactive getting health care financially in shape to accommodate medical service to all. I envision that all people will be covered by health care regardless of economic background. Americans need to get resources to take better care of their health and invest in prevention, so our health will not result in a chronic illness or an incurable disease. Then maybe the law makers in Washington will make sounddecision about our health care plan from other health care providers, so we can benefit and help with cost diminishing.ReferencesAccess My Library. (2004). Health Care Spending Hits 1.6 Trillion in 2002, Rising More Than Twice as Fast as U.S. Economy. Retrieved from http//www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-19942976_ITMChavis, S. (2011). complicated Forecast for Health. For the Record, 23(4), 10.Getzen, T., Moore, J. (2007). Wiley Pathways health care Economics (1st. ed.). John Wiley & Sons.Kaiser. (2010). U.S. Health Care Costs. Retrieved from http//www.kaiseredu.org/Issue- Modules/US-Health-Care-Costs/ Background-Brief.aspx.

The Electrical Market Generation Engineering Essay

In a deregulated galvanizingity trade, the genesis, transmittance and dispersal sectors argon opepaced by dis analogous companies. This may give rise to over-crowding in transmission frame downslopes imputable to miss of co ordination between different sectors. It may besides happen in a vertic alwaysyy incorporate grocery but it back tooth easy be taken attention of since any(prenominal) the three sectors argon obligateled by unity entity. over-crowding plenty interrupt the take aim and put out market. It behind straight regard the net incomes of the market riveicipants. Without over-crowding market monetary value pass on be un volt-ampereying but with over-crowding the monetary values in intimately countries forget step-up and in new(prenominal) countries provide diminish. over-crowding changes the pre despatch program of bring onwardsing units in enjoin to run into the cipher rents with cheaper bring forthing units cut downing their end harvest -feast whereas expensive units increase their end proceedss in the engorged countries. This makes the cipher market less efficient.By congestion we mean that the transmittance web is unable to incorporate all of the coveted minutess collect to misdemeanor of the agreement recoils. These could be thermic, electromotive military unit, little ratify constancy bounds etc. These bounds atomic number 18 violated due to the breaks in index number time period in transmission organization disputations. at that placefore it becomes positive to take steps that would forestall or acquire rid of congestion in transmitting marchess.Let s hold a conceptualisation at a congestion illustration. Suppose that there is a part where the galvanic automobileal energy supply becomes really inexpensive. This would ensue in an increasing demand as more and more people would desire to travel for that galvanicality seting a ingestable plaza of burden on the system. In order to run in to the increasing demand, there would be heavy flow of advocator over the transmittal preeminences. This would incur losingss every bit good as the constancy bounds would be threatened ensuing in congestion. there ar devil ways to cut down congestion. One is the well(p) manner, by utilizing the circumstanceS doodads and the trans reason pat accommodations whereas the other one is related to the market e.g auctioning, re-dispatching etc.1.2 AimsThe aims of this thesis undertaking are as followsTo Analyze the FACTS devicesTo Identify the different subcontracts due to congestionTo show the usage of FACTS devices in pull offing congestion in pool marketTo reflect the Locational Marginal Prices ( LMP ) and maximise the social public helpEconomic consideration in arrangement of FACTS1.3 ambit of ThesisThe thesis will get down with the literature reappraisal on best antecedent flow, federal agency flow restraints, FACTS devices, spring flow control, how FACTS are utilise to increase the transmittal capacity in order to guarantee with the congestion direction in transmittal systems. Electricity market notional study will be generated and by utilizing the FACTS devices the LMP will be smooth and the social public assistance will be maximized.. In the conclusion establish on the consequences, recommendations and decisions would be given consequently.Literature Review2.1 Optimum Power FlowIn 1960 few extensions were made in the conventional economic burden despatch job called best might playfulness flow ( OPF ) . OPF simulation is utilize to happen the optimum solution to a job. A system heap be graven by an neutral map.This nonsubjective map could be minimising the harvest-tideion constitute, minimising the transmittal losingss etc. It depends on what type of market the nonsubjective map represents. The OPF is utilize to insure different variables in such a manner that the nonsubjective map target be minimized ensuing in the auxil iary in overall efficiency of the system.2.2 Power System ConstraintsWith the growing of electric public-service corporations all over the universe, the transmittal systems are organism pushed closer to their stableness bounds whilst more and more quality of proponent is being demanded. The transmittal of post over an country or a part may be limited due to certain power restraints such asSteady province power carry-over boundVoltage stableness boundDynamic stableness boundTranseunt stableness boundOscillations muffling boundThermal boundThese are called the constrictions as they limit the sum of power fluxing with and by means of transmittal lines.2.3 Congestion ManagementCongestion direction is a major(ip) job faced by the freelancer system operators ( ISO ) in the deregulated electricity environment as it has a immense negative impact on market monetary values and the market trade ensuing in breaks and pecuniary punishments under some status. FACT devices like TCSC, TCPAR ( more on this in the following chapter ) great deal assist to cut down congestion, smoothen localisation principleal fringy monetary value and maximise the societal public assistance. 1 The distinguishable congestion direction systems widely being employed areNodal pricing systemZonal pricing methodThese are the congestion direction notional historys that are based on optimum power flow algorithm 2 .In 3 , two attacks binding with the direction costs are studied. The first attack is the nodal pricing which forms the manakin for the pool theoretic account. The 2nd attack is based on cost allotment processs proposed for the bilateral theoretical account. Pool and the bilateral theoretical account are compared. The bilateral theoretical account would easy hold been the straightforward pick for clients if it had nt been for the particular features of electricity. These features produce two jobs. The first job relates to the heraldic bearing of transmittal restraints where as the 2nd one relates to transmittal losingss.The pool adjusts these particular features of electricity in trading procedure. The locational facets of pool theoretical account are based on theory of nodal topographic hitch pricing. In 4 , zonary congestion direction has been presented. Importance of beent and activated power despatchs in relieving the congestion direction has been highlighted. Congestion direction in pool theoretical account is formulated as a Non Linear Programming ( natural language processing ) and it is solved by utilizing the fittingness distance ratio atom horde intelligence.In 5 , coordination between the pool and the bilateral trading in congestion despatch in intercrossed market theoretical account is investigated. A mathematical theoretical account of co-ordinated congestion despatch is created which relates the rate of pool buying cost and the curtailment rate of contracts to the precedence of different trades in the intercrossed electricity mar ket.2.4 FACTSThe conventional ways of rebeling power system control were to utilize serial capacitance to contain the electric defense, switched electrical shunt capacitance and reactor to look out over the electromotive king, full stop switching transformer to command the angle etc. Now in the modern universe FACTS accountants are being used.The construct of FACTS was foremost introduced in 1990. FACTS stand for Flexible AC Transmission Systems. FACTS is defined by the IEEE as a power electronic based system and other in industrious equipment that provide control of one or more AC transmittal system parametric quantities to heighten controllability and increase power stationation fittedness 2 .The FACTS devices late became touristy due to their efficient power controllability in power transmittal lines. There are a figure of FACT devices that are presently being used each holding their pros and cons. The power is generated and distributed to the consumers over transmit tal webs. The power flow is related to the electric resistance of these transmittal lines. Greater the electric resistance lesser will be the power flow. When there is a rush in demand, the power lines with low electric resistance will acquire overloaded before the high electric resistance 1s constricting the power that can be transmitted through the high electric resistance lines. There are two ways through which the lifting demand can be met. They are Build more transmittal lines in order to increase the transmittal capacityUse the FACTS devices in the bing transmittal web in order to increase their transmittal capacity by commanding the power flow.The former one is non executable since it requires a immense investing and has some environmental concerns associated with it. The latter 1 is what we would be looking at.The basic applications of FACT devices areThey increase the bing transmittal line power capablenessControl the power flowDecrease in oxidizable power profiting brin g forthing companies because lesser the thermolabile power more will be the brisk power. The clients are charged for the existent power they consume.To increase the stablenessVoltage controlIncrease the security of the system.In 6 , congestion direction methods are considered. The first is the re despatch of the coevals agenda formed by the market. Congestion direction cost is evaluated utilizing the coevals agenda. The installing and the operation of flexible jumping rate of flow transmittal systems ( FACTS ) devices in the transmittal lines for the intent of countering congestion is besides considered. A cost realise analysis is proposed which justifies the economic feasibleness of FACTS devices. After transporting out trials on IEEE 14 coach system, this paper concludes that when FACTS devices are employed in transmittal lines at optimum places they were able to cut down the sum of power to be re dispatched every bit good as the cost of congestion.In 7 , congestion cau sed by the increasing figure of bilateral contracts is better by utilizing two methods. Cost free and non cost free agencies. The former trades with the stage shifters, FACTS devices. The system with and without FACTS devices is compared. The optimum power flow ( OPF ) consequence shows that the sensation power minutess suffer less curtailment with FACTS. The usage of FACTS device called thyristor controlled serial publication compensator ( TCSC ) is discussed. The execution of FACTS devices in bilateral despatch model to keep system stableness and security is proposed.The development of simple and efficient theoretical accounts for optimum location of FACTS devices to undertake congestion direction by the optimum control of their parametric quantities is proposed in 8 . In a engorged environment, the susceptibility movers can efficaciously be used to find the optimum location of FACTS devices, TCSC and TCPAR. However this paper does non cover with the optimum location of othe r FACTS devices such as SVC, STATCOM.In 9 , cool off province theoretical accounts of FACTS devices are formulated based on PIM and incorporated into optimum power flow ( OPF ) . By making this, FACTS tend to acquire flexible due to greater grade of freedom for the OPF solution infinite. The job is solved utilizing consecutive quadratic equation scheduling ( SQP ) in MatLab. The consequences clearly show that the FACTS devices greatly enhance the electromotive power stableness every bit good as the power transportation capableness.2.5 Controllability of Power FlowThis subdivision will cast visible radiation on the parametric quantities that affect the power flow in transmittal lines. This is innate in understanding the working of FACTS for congestion direction.To maintain things simple consider a two coach system in figure 2.1 act 2.1 twain Bus SystemThe transportation of power between the two points is given by( 2-1 )Where is is Power receivedis Voltage sentis electromotive constrict receivedis characteristic electric resistance of the lineeristic electric resistance of the line system in figure 2.1power flow in transmittal lines. This is vital in understand is transmittal angleWe have assumed that all the line losingss are neglected.For a short line this equation can be simplified to( 2-2 )SinceEquation 2-2 merely states that the power fluxing through a transmittal line depends on three things, electromotive wad, angle and electric resistance. The most of import decision that can be drawn from this equation is that high the electric resistance of a power line lesser will be the power flow through it. Power flow is ever through those lines that have got low electric resistance.Chapter 4Electricity MarketThis chapter negotiations about the deregulated electricity market. How this market whirl came into being, what favors and dis gains does this up-to-date construction has is discussed in the deregulated electricity market subdivision. It so sheds visible radiation on the different market theoretical accounts that are adopted by assorted states. The three market theoretical accounts that exist and discussed in this chapter are Pool theoretical account, Bilateral Model and crisscross Model. An nonsubjective map for the pool market is formulated. Here the aim is the societal public assistance maximization.MethodologyThe first measure is to reexamine the different sorts of FACT devices. Get familiar with their operation. The following measure involves the use of these FACT devices to meliorate congestion in power lines. After that a market theoretical account would be generated that would assist us to analyze the effects of FACTS devices on the market parametric quantities such as LMP, societal public assistance etc. A package will be used to transport out this undertaking. The consequences would be shown with the aid of graphsClasss of FACTS DevicesFACTS devices can be classified into the succeeding(prenominal) classs.Serie s CompensationIn serial publication remuneration, the FACTS devices are automobile-accessible in series in transmittal lines to shoot electromotive force. It works as a governable electromotive force blood. These series FACTS devices can be a variable electric resistance e.g a capacitance. Series induction occurs over long transmittal lines doing a electromotive force bead. To counterbalance that electromotive force bead, the series capacitances are coupled.Shunt CompensationIn shunt compensation, FACTS devices are committed in analogue to the transmittal lines. These devices inject current at the point of connexion in the transmittal lines. They act as a governable current beginning.Shunt compensation if of two types Shunt capacitive compensationThis method is implemented when there is a demand to better the power factor. Whenever there is an inductive burden connected to the power system, it s locomotion to ensue in a lagging current doing the power factor to dawdle. This is n on desirable since the low power factor relates to high sum of current drawn by the burden ensuing in immense energy losingss. A shunt capacitance is connected that draws current taking the electromotive force beginning which helps better the power factor.Shunt inductive compensationThis method is used when there is a really low burden connected at the having terminal. This causes a really low current to flux through the transmittal lines. Shunt electrical capacity in the transmittal line causes voltage elaboration. This phenomenon is known as Ferranti consequence. The electromotive force at the having terminal becomes greater than the electromotive force at the directing terminal. To counterbalance, shunt inductances are connected across the transmittal lines. have Series-Series CompensationTwo FACTS devices are connected individually in series in a multi line transmittal system. Each of the devices provides independent series reactive compensation for each of the lines.Combined S eries-Shunt CompensationIn this constellation, a combination of a series and shunt FACTS devices are used. The shunt device injects current into the system whereas the series device injects electromotive force. In order words this sort of constellation allows to hold an independent control over existent and existent and reactive power fluxing through the transmittal lines.Examples of Series CompensationInactive cooccurring Series Compensator ( SSSC )Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor ( TCSC )Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor ( TCSR )Thyristor Switched Series Capacitor ( TSSC )Thyristor Switched Series Reactor ( TSSR )Examples of Shunt CompensationInactive synchronized Compensator ( STATCOM )Inactive Var Compensator ( SVC )Example of Combined Series-Series CompensationInterline Power Flow Controller ( IPFC )Example of Combined Series-Shunt CompensationUnified Power Flow Controller ( UPFC )Unified Power flow accountant ( UPFC ) is the most powerful FACTS accountant yet. It has the ability to command some(prenominal) the reactive and active power flow in transmittal lines whereas the other FACTS accountants named supra could either command existent or active power flow. It is capable of commanding all the parametric quantities such as electromotive force, electric resistance and angle that are responsible for the power flow. The most widely used FACTS devices are the 1s that involve the thyristor engineering.We will analyze merely two FACTS devices in item since those are the 1s that will be implemented for congestion direction. Those two FACTS devices are Inactive Synchronous Compensator ( STATCOM )Inactive Synchronous Series Compensator ( SSSC )Inactive Synchronous Compensator ( STATCOM )The abeyant contemporaneous compensator ( STATCOM ) was antecedently known as inactive coincident capacitor ( STATCON ) . It is based on a solid province cooccurring electromotive force beginning that is merely like an ideal synchronal machine without a revolving ma ss. These devices generate a set of sinusoidal electromotive forces at rudimentary frequencys with quickly governable amplitude and stage angles. figure 4.1 shows the generalised construction of a electromotive force beginning convertor. The gossip of a STATCOM is a DC electromotive force which it converts into an AC end return electromotive force at a cardinal frequence in order to counterbalance for the reactive and active power needed by the system. Qref and Pref are the mention signals that control the amplitude of the end product electromotive force V and the stage angle I? , severally.Fig 4.1 Generalized synchronal electromotive force beginningSo by altering the Qref, in other words by changing the electromotive force the reactive power exchange between the inverter and the AC system can be controlled. If the amplitude of the end product electromotive force is greater than that of the AC system electromotive force, the inverter produces reactive power for the AC system. If the amplitude of the end product electromotive force is varied such that it becomes less than the AC system electromotive force, the inverter absorbs the reactive power and if both the AC system electromotive force and the end product electromotive force is the same, there is no reactive power exchange.By changing stage angles between the inverter end product and AC system electromotive forces, the existent power exchange between the inverter and the AC system can be controlled. If the inverter end product electromotive force leads the AC system electromotive force, existent power is supplied to the AC system by the inverter. If the inverter end product electromotive force lags the AC system electromotive force, the existent power is absorbed from the AC system by the inverter.Figure 4.2 shows the basic construction of STATCOM and it s V-I features are shown in Figure 4.3.By detecting figure 3.3 it s clear that the accountant can supply both reactive and inductive compensation an d is able to command the end product current between the specified supreme capacitive and inductive scope independent of the AC system electromotive force. It can supply full capacitive end product current at any practical electromotive force. It s more effectual than SVC in supplying transmittal electromotive force support every bit good as bettering the stableness of the system since SVC can provide thinning end product current with diminishing system electromotive force as judged by the designed maximal tantamount capacitive entree. The comparing of STATCOM with SVC can expected to give a 50 per centum decrease in the physical size of the installing. Another advantage of STATCOM over SVC is that it is able to back up higher tonss than the SVC can for the comparable MVAr evaluation.The STATCOM may hold an increased transient evaluation in both the inductive and capacitive operating parts, which can further heighten its projectile public presentation. The conventional SVC were e quipped with transeunt volt-ampere soaking up capableness merely. There was no manner that they could transiently increase the var coevals since the maximal capacitive current it can pull is austerely determined by the value of its maximal electrical capacity and the order of the system electromotive force. The transient evaluation of the STATCOM relies on the features of the power semiconducting materials used and the maximal junction temperature at which each of these devices can be operated. Furthermore, STATCOM does non significantly change the bing system electric resistance, which is another advantage over the inactive volt-ampere compensators ( SVCs ) .To cut the treatment short, STATCOM has better features over SVC the maximal reactive power end product will non be affected by the electromotive force order. Therefore, it exhibits changeless current features when the electromotive force falls below the bound. The steady province power exchange between the accountant and t he AC system is largely reactive, as active power is merely consumed to provide for the versed losingss.Fig 4.2 Basic construction of STATCOMFigure 4.3 V-I featuresSTATCOM can be controlled in two ways.Phase controlIn this technique the stage chemise I? is varied in order to command the STATCOM s end product electromotive force magnitude.Pulse largeness Modulation ( PWM )This technique allows the independent control of the magnitude of the end product electromotive force every bit good as the stage supplanting that represents angle of the end product electromotive force. The control of DC electromotive force is separate from that of AC end product electromotive force.Synchronous Series Compensator ( SSSC )A synchronal electromotive force beginning that has a DC to AC inverter with gate turn off thyristor can be used for series compensation of transmittal lines. SSSC is reasonably similar to STATCOM as it involves DC capacitance fed electromotive force beginning input which genera tes a three stage electromotive force at cardinal frequence. This in bend is injected into the transmittal line with the aid of a transformer connected in series with the system.. What SSSC does is that it straight controls the current and indirectly controls the power flow by commanding the reactive power exchange between the SSSC and the AC system. It has got an advantage over another FACTS accountant called TCSC, which is that SSSC does nt endure from the resonance job that can be encountered in TCSC since it does non impact the electric resistance of the transmittal lines that much.Fig 4.4 Basic construction of SSSCFigure 4.4 shows the basic construction of SSSC. It shows a electromotive force beginning that produces an appropriate at the cardinal AC system frequence in series with the line to call off the electromotive force bead, Vc to some extent. The end product of synchronal electromotive force beginning is locked with the dawdling alliance to the current and it is so inje cted in series with the transmittal line. If injected electromotive force magnitude peers that of the line current, a series compensation tantamount to that provided by a series capacitance at cardinal frequence is acquired.Mathematically it can be represented aswhere Vc is the counterbalancing electromotive force phasorIac represents the line phasorTen is line impedenceK is called grade of series compensationThe chief thing is to command the rms magnitude Iac of the AC current and the rms magnitude Vc of the accountant s AC electromotive force phasor in other words to command the reactive power injected or absorbed by the accountant. Assuming the reactance of matching transportation is negligible, the AC end product electromotive force can be straight controlled through the inverter electromotive force Vinv which can be controlled by bear downing or dispatching the capacitance. In steady province if the accountant is presenting reactive power, the stage displacement I? of the inver ter electromotive force with regard to the AC current is -90 grades. On the other manus if the accountant is absorbing reactive power so the stage displacement of the inverter electromotive force with regard to the AC current becomes 90 grades. thereof we can alter the DC electromotive force Vdc and the corresponding inverter end product electromotive force Vin merely by changing the stage displacement parametric quantity that would bear down or dispatch the capacitance.Fig 4.5 operating theater of SSSCFigure shows the operation of SSSC. By presuming that the injected electromotive force in series with the line can be achieved if the DC energy storage has infinite capacity, the electromotive force stage angle can be chosen individually of the line current over 360 grades with the magnitude that is between 0 and Vc soap. This means that the synchronal electromotive force beginning must be able to bring forth and absorb both the existent and reactive power. The accountant is respon sible for the labor of the reactive power whereas the existent power comes from the DC energy storage device. This storage device besides generates a small active power that is merely plenty to get the better of the accountant losingss.A Time FrameWeekAims12345678910111213AAAAAAAAAAAAAAUndertaking proposalAAAAAAAAAAAAAFACTS executionAAAAAAAAAAAAAMarket theoretical account SimulationAAAAAAAAAAAAAFACTS in market theoretical accountAAAAAAAAAAAAAConsequencesAAAAAAAAAAAAAAnalysisAAAAAAAAAAAAADecisionAAAAAAAAAAAAARecommendationsAAAAAAAAAAAAA

The Empire Company Limited

In the Empire Company hold in Case, James Vaux, the associate director at Scotia Capital is the main finding maker. It is his job in September of 1998 to decide on a terms at which The Oshawa Group Limited will sell their company/ look at a takeover offer at. The Oshawa Group Limited (Oshawa) is a nutrient retail, wholesale, and distri preciselyion firm. The Empire Company wants to expand beyond their Atlantic Canada root however, at that place be a few catches. The Wolfe family owns 100% of the voting shargons of the company, and non only know the treasure of their company and expect to receive at least that much, but also a premium on crystallise of that.Greg Rudka is the Managing Director at Scotia Capital he has extensive background in the history of the grocery industry and was the one who noticed this opportunity as well as the person who assigned James Vaux to his assignment of the value of Oshawa. ISSUES There argon two main issues at hand. First, Vaux needs to dese x a value for both classes of shares that Empire would be willing to carry to the Wolfe family and Oshawa equity holders to acquire a position in the Oshawa Company without starting time a bidding war.The second issue is that Vaux needs to find a way to finance the deal. There are a few diminished issues in this case, starting with competition. The grocery industry is very competitive. There are only a few large firms involved in the industry. Of course, there are mom and pop stores all over North America, but they only make enough to live themselves and they are not speech in the same profits as the major set up, so they are not legitimate threats to Empire. Next, the Oshawa Companys entire voting shares are owned by the Wolfe family as mentioned above.This will add to the level of trouble in the purchase or acquisition of Oshawa. Finally, the last issue is that in the grocery industry, it is cheaper to acquire a competitors company and chains than it is to open a new store. I n other words, horizontal acquisitions were the elementary source of growth on the revenue side for the grocery business. hoi polloi dont like change and because of this, creating or changing the realize of their local grocery store may upset or knap their previous shopping experiences.

My Last Duchess and Othello, IV, iii

In the dramatic form, be it soliloquy, dialogue or in full theatrical scene, the author nonify non step into the action to comment or envision for us, as he can in a novel. We must delimitate our own conclusions from what we see and hear, and this makes for powerful effects, as a character reveals him- or herself to us by what he or she says or does. In the monologue My Last Duchess Browning misleads us with wide skill before we fix that we are listening to a criminal lunatic.The dramatic force lies in the surprise we feel as the truth fin exclusivelyy emerges. In knead IV, scene iii of Othello there is again an agonizing irony for the viewer, who knows more(prenominal) than Desdemona and is of course impotent to help her. Shakespeare works equal a dental practitioner without an anaesthetic, and the pain for the audience derives from the unbearable innocence of the doomed Desdemona, who is surely something like the Duchess in Brownings poem, helpless and bewildered in the view of a murderous insanity in her husband.Brownings Duke sounds so sane He is wonderfully gracious and articulate Willt please you sit and look at her? (5). As he tells his account he seems to weigh his words with great caution, as if he is sort of free of the distorting power of anger or any other passion, and is cunning to avoid any unfairness in his judgment She had / A sprightliness how sh all I say? too soon made glad (21-2), further thanked / Somehow I know not how as if she ranked (31-2). He never raises his voice, and speaks with a measured confidence that quite takes us in.At first we might be tempted to believe that his attitudes are reasonable Sir, twas not / her husbands presence only, called that spot / Of joy into the Duchess cheek (13-15). His behavior is restrained even as he hints at her infidelity. The painter flattered her rough her appearance, as of course he would, being a Renaissance creative person totally dependent on patronage, yet she was c harmed by it foolishly, the Duke suggests.She wish whateer / She looked on (23-24). She was delighted by the beauty of the sunset, and the little tri unlesse from the man who gave her the cherries, just as much as My favour at her breast (25). What he seems to be objecting to is her failure to be properly discriminating and aristocratic in her tastes. This is a rather extreme sort of snobbery, but perhaps not unprecedented we may not find it attractive, but we may accept it as a feature of a sublime man with a nine-hundred-years-old name (33).All the time, Browning is luring us up the garden path. We convey to detect the problem. The Duke is immensely proud, a man of great heritage, while she is free of snobbery, charmed by the delights of the world and human kindness, and in truth aboveboard. (Infidelity does not now seem to be the Dukes concern.) Then we begin to see how his pride is really pathological arrogance.Even had you skill / In speech (which I have not) (35-36), ( he lies, of course) to explain your objection to her behavior which is understandably quite normal it would involve give ining, and I choose / Never to stoop (42-3). So, rather than speak to her about his dissatisfaction, which would involve impossible condescension by him, he chose to solve the problem rather more radically This grew I gave commands / Then all smiles stopped together (45-6).It takes a moment for us to register what he did, so unbelievable is it and so evasively phrased. Then, having confessed to murder, or, rather, boasted of it, he continues his negotiations for his next Duchess, celebrating, incidentally, one of his favorite art works, Neptune Taming a sea-horse (54-5), the very bod of the brutal control that he has himself exerted over his innocent last Duchess.The willow tree scene from Othello works differently, of course, because it is a dialogue, though it is the inner workings of Desdemonas mind that the dramatic form reveals here, just as much as is t he case in Brownings poem There is an some intolerable pathos about this scene because Desdemona is so helpless. She has a just idea of what is going to happen If I do die before thee, prithee shroud me / In one of those same sheets (24-5) and is impotent in the depend of her fate.There seems to be no defence against the ruthless execution of Othellos enraged will. She is in a sort of trance, a hypnosis of shock. All she can do is wait for the end, and the pathetic simplicity of her reflections here is the sign of a wounded spirit in retreat from reality. The tragic atmosphere is precondition additional poignancy by the occasional interruption of the everyday elaborate of undressing for bed, the habitual continuing because there is nothing else to do in the typesetters case of the worst Prithee unpin me (21).She continues at moments to pretend that this is just an usual night This Lodovico is a proper man (35), not a equality of Othello with her country forms, but a pathet ic attempt at gossip. nevertheless her real thoughts emerge in the obsession with the willow song, which she cannot resist. It is the perfect reverberate of her own fortune And she died singing it that song tonight / Will not go from my mind (30-1). Like a detail from a psychoanalysts casebook comes the unprompted line in the song that gives outside(a) the deepest thoughts of the willing victim.Let nobody blame him, his scorn I approve, Nay, thats not next. Hark Whos that knocks?It is the wind. (51-3)She corrects herself, but the absolute terror of actualisation goes through her.The heroic innocence of Desdemona is highlighted by her conversation with genus genus Emilia. While Desdemona very believes that no woman could in fact commit adultery for all the world (63), and swears that she herself would not do it by this heavenly light (64), Emilia responds, Nor I neither, by this heavenly light, / I might do it as well in the dark (65-6), and goes on to consider just what all th e world might mean as a reward for the sin.Emilia is not immoral. It is just that Desdemona is on a superhuman and heroic train of behavior, and Emilia is on the normal level. Compared with Desdemonas helplessness in the face of the corruption of Othello, Emilias jokes have an immensely remedial health. It is not a criticism of Desdemona, but it is a firm placing of trust in the human by Shakespeare.We can imagine that what Desdemona feels and says is very close to the receipt of Brownings Duchess. Both of them are innocent and benevolent women go about by deranged men. The creation of character and the realization of human dilemma in the dramatic form are forceful and, in these deuce cases, immensely painful for the audience or reader. The form makes the reader peculiarly impotent in the face of disaster. We would like to stand up in the theatre and shout at the stage, like the lady in the renowned story, You great black fool, cant you see shes innocent?

An Effective Strategy Negotiation

Crouching behind a tight cordon of panda cars, the weather-beaten SWAT group leader, eff with cap, bulletproof vest and loud-hailer, looks up to the third-floor window, clears his throat, and announces You might as tumesce give yourself up, Kowalski, weve got the place surrounded. His craggy face is bathed in the soft bullion glow of the street light and a small bead of sweat moves slowly down his temple. Kowalski, a wily old stager with blockheaded pockmarks and a broken nose, is having none of it. afterward all, he has the (rather attractive blonde) hostage securely tied up and there happens to be a fridge full of beer in the office hes holed up in. So its a complete stalemate. Kowalski and his nemesis atomic number 18 simply going to constitute to start negotiating. In this case, duologue is to a greater extent likely to be resolved in a bloody shoot-out. In the cookplace, of course, negotiations generally dont tend to be conducted under such(prenominal) tense or dan gerous circumstances. They do, however, take place on a daily, notwithstanding hourly, basis.In fact, they have become such a weak and ingrained part of working life that participants can expressily read into them without even realising thats what theyre doing. Before we proceed, it is probably worth defining our terms, or at least borrowing a definition from soulnel consultant Alan Fowlers book, Negotiating, Persuading and Influencing. Fowler explains that negotiation chances whenever there is an issue that cannot be resolved by one person acting alone it occurs when the both (or more) battalion who have to be obscure begin with different views on how to proceed, or have different aims for the outcome. there atomic number 18 twain situations in which negotiation does not or cannot occur when one of the persons immediately agrees to what the Other is asking or suggesting and when one of the devil adamantly ref commits to even discuss the matter. You can see that the ter m covers a multitude of scenarios, from the widely reported collective pay-bargaining conducted by union officials and instruction representatives, to the more mundane business of negotiating a lease on a property or a suppliers contract.Negotiation is also a light upon component in inter-office traffichips, in instances where managers have no linear potential over a exceptional colleague however need to dribble them to perform a specific task. Here, the negotiation is a tacit IOU- youve do me a favour, so Ill return it at a later eon when you might need it. Managers be doing it all the era, confirms Roger Moores, an associate of the Industrial Society, who runs courses in negotiation and associated skills. I usually start my courses by asking how legion(predicate) of the people there are negotiators.Not many hands go up but, by the end of the session, they cod they do it all the time. We use the language of negotiation all the time alike. Its a language that even chil dren understand, based on the words if and then. If you do this for me, then Ill do that. In theory, its all wonderfully simple. Scores of self-help and how-to books have been written on the subject but the theorists by and large fall into two camps. in that location are experts, such as authors Fowler and Gavin Kennedy, who look at negotiation as a stage-by-stage process, comprising preparation, discussion, proposal, bargaining and finally closing.And then theres the American model, epitomised by the originative text, Getting to Yes by William Ury, which is more focused on personal relations within the workplace. As Moores rightly smudges out, the two approaches are by no means mutually exclusive. Though representative bodies such as the form of Personnel and Development and the Industrial Society offer dedicated courses on negotiation skills, the majority of managers in small to medium-sized businesses dont have the time or inclination to attend them.A few common-sense point ers, however, go a vast expressive style. The first is to recognise when it is actually appropriate to discuss. If managers negotiated everything, there wouldnt be time to do anything, reasons Moores. There are occasions when orders and dictatorship are necessary too. If a matter or issue is definitely worth negotiating, the adjacent step is toassess its merits and how much time you can afford to devote to it. harmonise to all the various pundits, the key to successful negotiation is all in the preparation.They insist that skills and techniques are generally acquired through practice and experience, and that preparatory work and patience will generally stand you in better piazza than the gift of the gab or an aggressive stance. There is no point walking into an important negotiation session hoping to wing it. Some people are naturally better at negotiating than others, says Fowler. It requires a certain amount of profligate thinking and ability to respond quickly. You also need the confidence to be able to say Look, youve raised manything new.Can we adjourn this meeting and come some tomorrow, by which time Ill have been able to gather my thoughts? Its important to hump your own style and be comfortable with it. If youre stepping too far out-of-door of yourself, you can end up seeming artificial. Yet Chris Grice, an assistant managing music director of ACAS, the conciliation and ar fightration service which has dragged countless industrial relations negotiations dressing from the brink, believes negotiation skills are more about nurture than nature.Theres a headland as to whether negotiating is an art or a science, he says. You can be taught good negotiation, so Id say its a science Being taught how to commix colours doesnt spring you an artist. You can learn about negotiation strategy, how to read a situation, when the tune is right to confront an issue and when to apply a variety of different processes. Preparation is an very much negl ected area. If youre negotiating about pay, for example, you should be aware of the going rate, affordability and any other interested parties before you go in. You need to be able to anticipate the other partys moves. While Grice admits that some of the negotiations he is called in to rbitrate are conducted in what he with admirable understatement describes as an adversarial atmosphere (potentially explosive in other words), he reckons that overall he has witnessed as much civility as hostility. This, he believes, is because most of the participants at this aim of negotiation tend to be astute practitioners, who realise that prickliness and emotional contact will only hamper their efforts. Some of the outperform negotiators are mild-mannered but persuasive people, says Grice. They know exactly where they motive to be and realise they can study there in a civilised manner.After all, youve got more in your toolbox than a hammer. One problem often leads to another. A manager may feel it necessary to cut overtime. The employees are unhappy and threaten industrial action but the manager should deflect the immediate reaction to sack the ringleader. By doing so, the manager would have two problems to cope with instead of one. It is important to keep one topic in focus at a time. An easy does it ethos is especially important in small to medium-sized businesses, which rely on establishing and maintaining an ongoing network of reliable suppliers and subcontractors.If parties feed a negotiation feeling hard done by, the relationship is tall(a) to be sustainable for any length of time. The main point is to make the person youre negotiating with think that they have achieved the best deal possible, says Frank Kings, managing director of Sovereign Contracts, a Midlands-based shop-fitting concern, whose clients include IBM, SmithKline Beecham and Warwick University. Im always looking for repeat business, so negotiation is as much about building a semipermanent re lationship as striking the best deal at that particular moment.One should always try to take a longer-term view. Susan Croft, a trainer at the Aziz Corporation, which specialises in spoken-communication skills training for business, shares Kings views. Negotiations, she maintains, are not necessarily confrontational, fairish a necessary means of ensuring that two or more parties are satisfied with their lot. In a win-lose situation, you may have won the contend but not the long-term war, Croft says. You dont want the person youre negotiating with to be checking for their accouterments and legs on the way out. A degree of emotional detachment is a must.Losing your cool may mean losing the thread and the advantage. Concentration is also essential. The best negotiators are good listeners and observers too. By keeping your eyes and ears open, you can overcharge up valuable clues as to where the other side is prepared to via media or where there are flaws in their argument, which you can exploit later. If you are so utterly determined to put across your own points, you may not hear what the other side is saying. Their position may have changed and your initial standpoint may no longer be applicable or valid.Similarly, the other party should not be given too many hints. It is worth keeping your cards close to your chest in a negotiation. Dont give away more information than you have to. submit nuggets sporadically and tactically when you feel they will make the most impact. Be aware of your body language because you might be revealing more than you think through your movements and mannerisms. If you look hard enough and think laterally, there are usually ways and means of clinching a mutually full deal through negotiation.Phil Jones, managing director of Real cadence, the London-based interactive design studio, recalls two recent instances where new clients wanted to launch internet meshing locates but didnt have the requisite budgets. They were the ty pe of high-profile clients and creatively challenging projects that Real Time was keen to get involved in, however. If its a job you actually want to do, you can always find a way of doing it, maintains Jones. The first was for the decree 1 motor-racing team, Williams Motorsport They made the balance up in contra deals, mainly in tickets to some of the majorFormula 1 meetings. The tickets are like gold dust, of course, and can be used as a pat on the back for staff, or as an opportunity to pamper existing clients or woo new ones. Diesel, the Italian clothing manufacturer, which is quietly stealing a march on its rivals in the UK jeans market, approached Real Time towards the end of the financial year, when its promotional budget was running perilously low.Real Time managed to negotiate further projects the following year for completing the initial job an e-commerce site that allows ordering of clothes over the internet at a cut-rate rate. Every job is like that. You have to be flexible to get the business, says Jones. Indeed, he is currently negotiating a deal with the Football Association for an e-commerce web site dedicated to the UK bid for the 2006 World Cup. Real Time was answerable for the bids logo and original web site. The FA have a limited budget to spend across a range of media, so Im talking to them about perhaps receiving a percentage of whats sold from the new site, he explains. Thats really putting your money where your mouth is. Negotiation, then, is primarily about effective communication. communicating what you want and what you have to offer, and then marrying that up with another partys requirements. A bit of imagination, flexibility and a well-considered strategy can go along way to meeting these ends. It is also worth remembering that how you put it is often as important as what youre actually saying. You should always try to express things in ways the other parties find palatable, so that no one loses face, says Grice of ACAS. pr omotion is half the battle.

Should there be separation of church and state?

Ancient Greek civilization and culture continues to be one of the landmarks of world history because of the invaluable contribution that the Greeks have make in virtually all areas of human endeavor. However, civilization is not noneffervescent and Greek placeicipation was swept into the same historical process that direct all societies to the modern world of capitalism.What is distinct about Greek society today is the direct role that the church building plays in the realm of politics, where al well-nigh other countries have developed forms of government that excluded the direct participation of phantasmal entities. What is the churchs role in the Greek state of personal business? Should there be a separation of powers of church and state in the context of Greece?The Jewish-Orthodox Church in Greek SocietyThe Orthodox Church traces its roots to the Orthodox Church based in Constantinople. It is the most dominant religion in Greece, claiming set over 90% of the regions popu lation, a very wide political base that could memorise the winner in national elections. The subsequent nationalization of the Church make headway institutionalized its political power and created a culture/national identity where traditional church values are the core (Geographic 2004).Like most church hierarchies, the Greek Orthodox Church has always played as a conservative political force. It supported the monarchy and also aligned itself with the ripe(p) wing military junta in the 1960s in identify to wage a common battle against a common flagellum communism (Maniatis 2002). It also perceives pluralism and other liberal ideas as a challenge to its monopoly in the cultural sphere and has vigorously opposed such influences.Its involvement in politics resulted in factionalism but nevertheless, it has undeniable influence over government policies and programs (Geographic 2004). Currently, Orthodox Church officials are actually engaged by the government through the Ministr y of National Education and Religious personal matters which incidentally, also manages the properties of the church (BBC 2005). Recently, s hobodals rocked the Orthodox Church with allegations of embezzlement, smuggling and bribing of judges.On the time interval of Church and StateFrom the perspective of a person outside feel in, I believe that there should be a separation of church and state. This position is based on the premises that the Church (or religion in general), especially if it is conservative promotes an ideology that preserves the traditional way of intent and the status quo in society. If the church is part of governance, naturally it ensures the consistency of laws, policies and programs with the tenets of the church.For instance, because quirk and divorce is turnabout to Church teachings, it leaves out the agenda of women and gays rights. Because the Orthodox Church opposes multi-culturalism, it promotes religious and cultural discrimination to governance. Be cause science is contrary to church teachings, how then can scientific get a line be actively promoted by government institutions?As such, government can not in effect respond to the breadth of social issues first through objective study followed by the institution of measures appropriate with empirical evidence if there is no actual separation of church and state.Finally, if the church also functions as part of Civil Society, or as a check and balance to government, it can not do so if it is employed by that institution with its officials actually receiving salary from it. It would be a case of conflict of interest group and undermines the interest of the public.List of ReferencesGeographic (2004) Greek Church and State.18 February 2008BBC One Minute watchword Europe (2005) Greek Church Plans Scandal Summit. Available from

Water Conservation

Hovhannes Marukyan Extra Credit MGT 462/November 16, 2009 wet Conservation I commence attended the demonstration ab tabu pee system conservation techniques that each of us dismiss employ in our frequent life to ensure the sustainable development of resources and oddly irrigate. The presenter on the body of body of urine conservation was a man who is in charge of the urine preservation in Santa Monica. The presentation was very provoke and had great manage of information some prove pee conservation tactics.The topics covered include everything pertaining to consumer pee system rule and mis role. The topics include varied from piss content in the soil to less(prenominal)(prenominal) water consuming showerheads to newer ways of watering the lawn. In order to view the in-home engagement one must first understand the nature of water usage in the global scale. He pointed show up that well-nigh of the time societies usage to a greater extent water than needed. So me examples of places where concourse over persona water be in resorts, hydraulic dams, outdoor(prenominal) pools, basking in the showers, overflowing tubs, and so on.What is enkindle is that in order for water to entrance to us individually it take to economic consumption slide fastener to generate enough pressure, and if we use less water, then we use less vitality. Hydralic dams use the to the highest degree pith of water, and if we consume less energy we will use less water. Drying and cooling take the most amount of energy. His next topic in the presentation was about silent the Hydrologic cycle. The hydrologic cycle is when water on priming becomes dry enough and goes into the ambience as steam, than under right conditions when its high enough in the atmosphere and it equates a with the cool way the steam becomes liquid and waterfall cut as rain.We dry up the vent, from freeways, residential sur human faces, and commercial surfaces, and if the bank line is non cold enough than the water will rarely liquefy. like a shot in order to battle this seat he presented with three realistic solutions. First by cutting down on driving, with correlation of cap gardening we will to keep the air cool. Secondly we will drive home water by changing habits and fixtures, conserving water and energy. Third way is by reusing the water alternatively of throwing it away, this could be through by installing color in water systems.It is when the dirty water is recycled sort of of going to the ocean. Next whole step in the presentation was about how we as individuals can do to maintain water. He broke down water conservation into two parts, the interior and the outdoor. What we can do indoors is to do the simple things, like not letting the water on when thicket our teeth, not taking lengthy showers, not leaving the water on for hours and for find outting about it. Another lento way to use less water is putting a fractional full bottle of water in the back of the toilet to deter it from using a lot of water.This is especially a good caprice for old toilets models which in general use more water than needed. The scoop amount of water per dismantle is 1. 5 GMP the transition is slow, just persistent. He in addition mentioned other ways of water conserving that included buying a water conserving showerhead, using toilets with dual flush systems, for hard and soft waste. And in general looking at everything inwardly the house that uses water and seek to see if one can stamp down its water aspiration.An example would be to buy a more water efficient dish washer, and a washing machine. However he talked more extensively about the outdoor techniques of water conservation. He said that about half of the water employ in homes is consumed outdoors. He also verbalise that about 20% of energy in California is spent of the window pane of water. Another very interesting aspect about water consumption that he intercommunic ate of was the usage of grafts in the landscaping of houses can greatly reduce the amount of energy that is compulsory to cool them.He also mentioned the fact that people sometimes make a mistake of watering their plants more when there is a problem. According to the speaker there could be many reasons that a plant is unhealthy such as severity soil, positioning, and bugs. Since watering plants and the lawn is such a huge consumer of water, he suggested inspecting plants regularly, finding out what kind of soil is required for a great plant, positioning the plants to face the sun, hence reduce the amount of sunshine on the house, and saving energy. in any case watering the lawn differently could ease reduce water consumption. He spoke about drip irrigation, which is a very smart way of irrigating. It does not irrigate the whole lawn but the classical parts of it where the plants are located. This helps use less water, waters whole the plants exclusively, and is a great way batt les weeds which thrive on water and take a lot of notes to kill. Other ways of do sure that we use less water is using spray heads that use less water. Because soil can lone(prenominal) absorb so oftentimes water at a ime it is important to making sure that the discharge dont disperse water faster than the soil can absorb it. Adjusting the sprinkle time to solar day saving can meet this issue. The last way to save water that the presenter mentioned was using what is called semipermeable pavement. This pavement type uses space in between pavement and fills it with another(prenominal) material such as gumption to allow in instead of allowing it to run off. Having some water in the soil is beneficial. With all the manmade make the soil underneath does not get enough water to lie in the same shape.Water ConservationHovhannes Marukyan Extra Credit MGT 462/November 16, 2009 Water Conservation I have attended the presentation about water conservation techniques that each of us c an use in our everyday life to ensure the sustainable development of resources and especially water. The presenter on the water conservation was a man who is in charge of the water preservation in Santa Monica. The presentation was very interesting and had great deal of information about proven water conservation tactics.The topics covered included everything pertaining to consumer water usage and misusage. The topics included varied from water content in the soil to less water consuming showerheads to newer ways of watering the lawn. In order to understand the in-home usage one must first understand the nature of water usage in the global scale. He pointed out that most of the time societies use more water than needed. Some examples of places where people overuse water are in resorts, hydraulic dams, outdoor pools, basking in the showers, overflowing tubs, and so on.What is interesting is that in order for water to get to us individually it needs to use energy to generate enough pr essure, and if we use less water, hence we use less energy. Hydralic dams use the most amount of water, and if we consume less energy we will use less water. Drying and cooling take the most amount of energy. His next topic in the presentation was about understood the Hydrologic cycle. The hydrologic cycle is when water on earth becomes dry enough and goes into the air as steam, than under right conditions when its high enough in the atmosphere and it meets a with the cool air the steam becomes liquid and falls down as rain.We dry up the air, from freeways, residential surfaces, and commercial surfaces, and if the air is not cold enough than the water will rarely liquefy. Now in order to battle this situation he presented with three possible solutions. First by cutting down on driving, with correlation of roof gardening we will to keep the air cool. Secondly we will save water by changing habits and fixtures, conserving water and energy. Third way is by reusing the water instead of throwing it away, this could be done by installing grey water systems.It is when the dirty water is recycled instead of going to the ocean. Next step in the presentation was about how we as individuals can do to conserve water. He broke down water conservation into two parts, the indoor and the outdoor. What we can do indoors is to do the simple things, like not letting the water on when brushing our teeth, not taking extensive showers, not leaving the water on for hours and forgetting about it. Another easy way to use less water is putting a half full bottle of water in the back of the toilet to deter it from using a lot of water.This is especially a good idea for old toilets models which in general use more water than needed. The best amount of water per flush is 1. 5 GMP the transition is slow, but persistent. He also mentioned other ways of water conserving that included buying a water conserving showerhead, using toilets with dual flush systems, for hard and soft waste. And in general looking at everything inside the house that uses water and trying to see if one can reduce its water consumption.An example would be to buy a more water efficient dish washer, and a washing machine. However he talked more extensively about the outdoor techniques of water conservation. He said that about half of the water used in homes is consumed outdoors. He also stated that about 20% of energy in California is spent of the transportation of water. Another very interesting aspect about water consumption that he spoke of was the usage of plants in the landscaping of houses can greatly reduce the amount of energy that is required to cool them.He also mentioned the fact that people sometimes make a mistake of watering their plants more when there is a problem. According to the speaker there could be many reasons that a plant is unhealthy such as bad soil, positioning, and bugs. Since watering plants and the lawn is such a huge consumer of water, he suggested inspecting plants regularly, finding out what kind of soil is required for a great plant, positioning the plants to face the sun, hence reduce the amount of sunshine on the house, and saving energy.Also watering the lawn differently could help reduce water consumption. He spoke about drip irrigation, which is a very smart way of irrigating. It does not irrigate the whole lawn but the important parts of it where the plants are located. This helps use less water, waters only the plants exclusively, and is a great way battles weeds which thrive on water and take a lot of money to kill. Other ways of making sure that we use less water is using spray heads that use less water. Because soil can only absorb so much water at a ime it is important to making sure that the sprinkles dont disperse water faster than the soil can absorb it. Adjusting the sprinkle time to daylight saving can meet this issue. The last way to save water that the presenter mentioned was using what is called permeable pavement. This pa vement type uses space in between pavement and fills it with another material such as sand to allow in instead of allowing it to run off. Having some water in the soil is beneficial. With all the manmade building the soil underneath does not get enough water to stay in the same shape.

MR Assessed Task

Please remember the suggested clock are only a guide and individually learner bequeath shape at their own pace. However, please try not to exceed 2 hours on a task which should take 30 minutes. Dont immobilise you can find a breakdown of the learning outcomes and assessment criteria relating to each task in the qualification specification or in your EDI portfolio. there is just one task for this unit which should be completed at the start.Assessment for the rest of the unit, learning outcomes 2, 3, 4 and 5 will be dorsum as direct observations assessed in the work place and will be on-going, as reflection on practice and personal festering is a large part of working with children and this qualification. Task. 1. 1 Write a argument description Of your work role, this can be a list of things you do with a brief explanation. (20-30 minutes) 1. 2 Link each item on the list to the relevant standards.If you ark with under as this will be the primaeval Years Foundation Stage (EYE S), safeguarding and welfare requirements. (45 -60 minutes) You can use a table format or a piece of writing. As you work your way through the course you should keep a personal development plan. The plan should record development objectives, how you will achieve these objectives and time scales for review. It should excessively show how you have agreed these objectives and with whom. A downloaded template is provided for your use.

The Components of a Decision Support System

(i)Data prudence Component. The data commission disassembleicle performs the function of storing and maintaining the reading that you necessitate your decisiveness ache dust to use of goods and services. The data guidance component, therefore, consists of both(prenominal) the closing deliver frame study and the close nurture corpse database management establishment. The education you use in your stopping point Support administration comes from one or more of three sources Organizational cultivation One may deficiency to use virtually any information available in the formation for your decisiveness Support administration. What you use, of course, dep halts on what you necessitate and whether it is available.You dope design your Decision Support System to access this information directly from your companys database and data warehouse. However, specific information is often copied to the Decision Support System database to save time in searching through the o rganizations database and data warehouses. External information Some decisions require input from out-of-door sources of information. Various branches of federal government, Dow Jones, Compustat data, and the internet, to mention just a few, hind closing curtain reserve additional information for the use with a Decision Support System.Personal informationYou can incorporate your own insights and experience your personal information into your Decision Support System. You can design your Decision Support System so that you enter this personal information only as needed, or you can keep the information in a personal database that is accessible by the Decision Support System. (ii)Model Management Component. The present management component consists of both the Decision Support System fashion models and the Decision Support System model management system. A model is a representation of some event, fact, or situation.As it is not always practical, or wise, to experiment with reality , people build models and use them for experimentation. Models can take motley forms. Businesses use models to represent variables and their relationships. For example, you would use a statistical model called analysis of variance to determine whether newspaper, TV, and billboard push are equally effective in increasing sales. Decision Support Systems help in various decision- devising situations by utilizing models that allow you to analyze information in many different ways.The models you use in a Decision Support System depend on the decision you are making and, consequently, the kind of analysis you require. For example, you would use what-if analysis to see what effect the deepen of one or more variables will have on otherwise variables, or optimization to find the most profitable solution give operating restrictions and limited resources. Spreadsheet software such as excel can be used as a Decision Support System for what-if analysis. The model management system stores an d maintains the Decision Support Systems models.Its function of managing models is similar to that of a database management system. The model management component can not select the best model for you to use for a particular problem that requires your expertise but it can help you puddle and manipulate models quickly and easily. (iii)User Interface Management Component. The substance abuser interface management component allows you to communicate with the Decision Support System. It consists of the user interface management system. This is the component that allows you to combine your know-how with the storage and processing capabilities of the computer.The user interface is the part of the system you see through it when enter information, commands, and models. This is the only component of the system with which you have direct contract. If you have a Decision Support System with a poorly designed user interface, if it is too rigid or too cumbersome to use, you simply wont use it n o matter what its capabilities. The best user interface uses your terminology and methods and is flexible, consistent, simple, and adaptable. For an example of the components of a Decision Support System, lets onsider the Decision Support System that Lands decision has tens of millions of names in its guest database. It sells a wide range of womens, mens, and childrens clothing, as well various household wares. To match the right customer with the catalog, lands end has identified 20 different specialty scrape markets. Customers in these target markets receive catalogs of merchandise that they are likely to buy, saving Lands End the get down of sending catalogs of all products to all 20 million customers.To predict customer demand, lands end needs to continuously monitor buying trends. And to meet that demand, lands end must accurately forecast sales levels. To accomplish theses goals, it uses a Decision Support System which performs three tasks Data management The Decision Supp ort System stores customer and product information. In addition to this organizational information, Lands End also needs external information, such as demographic information and industry and style trend information.Model management The Decision Support System has to have models to analyze the information. The models create new information that decision makers need to plan product lines and inventory levels. For example, Lands End uses a statistical model called regression analysis to determine trends in customer buying patterns and vaticination models to predict sales levels. User interface management A user interface enables Lands End decision makers to access information and to specify the models they want to use to create the information they need.

Case Analysis

Organizations that remain dead(a) In their dodge eventu each(prenominal)y become so salary to their competitors that the just now una wantiating property between them is price this hometown, correspond to Cummings and Gnawing transforms these companies into lemmings that blindly represent their peers with tabu unleashing their richly potential. An g everywherening body disregard set itself apart and make bleak paths for itself by changing its scheme to meet the new surroundings, a deepen Into what the authors weep the Annual chimaera or premature ventricular contraction.In mythology, a chimera Is a multi-headed, divergent-faced fauna with incompatible personify split. The idea behind the chimera kindredness is have organizations backside pit themselves by adapting to the changing purlieu, hangs brought about by engine room and increasing globalization. near companies want to divers(prenominal)iate themselves by develop a unique ne iirk of psychologic al characteristics and associations that separate them from early(a)s. There is a confrontation between the h one(a)st-to- good enoughness school management theories and the PVC where the earlier theories think on cost reduction and efficient intersectionion, the PVC tensenesses on specialisation and customization. The clash emerges because the boil down of these two ideas necessarily contradicts the round different, as in how quarter you reduce cost but still customize your point of intersection? The PVC Is consistent with the resource-establish poser since It views organizations In terms of their distinctive constellations of touchable and impalpable resources, the sum of whose parts create unique and often irreproducible capableness. The valuate chain analysis, according to the PVC, is non the preferred method of screening outline instead, schema should be a mixed bagture of resources and value to create a hybrid organization that is both agile and in any case maintains its baron to hit what its nodes want. 4. dell faces change magnitude competition from Its rivals such as HP, Acre, orchard apple tree, and Leno and must tolerate agile to sp atomic number 18 its grocery store sh ar. All of them element their customers in effect and thence(prenominal) set their strategies to emphasis on each subdivision. dingle has four food food marketplace elements that it has en original home users, immense enterprise customers, small/medium businesses, and the existence sector. Dells scheme is to maintain its digest on each of these segments to provide ameliorate customer returns to malting loyalty. Acre groups strategy Is to acquire other(a) competing brands and en to custom-make tense Dramas to meet belief segments carrys. Acres strategy Is salary to Dells, so far Acre does non possess the association that Dell has gained in-house to successfully focus its strengths into different brands for different segmen ts.HP in addition segments is markets, until now it started out by foc apply on de reduceion and imaging and non ain computers. HP also focuses its strategy on the operate-side of compute, a segment that Dell does non deal in directly. HP seems to be pore its PC sales on new, fancy- sayinging computers preferably than background signal itself apart sticking out(p) on its customer service or services business. Apple, on the other hand, does not segment its market in the analogous way that Dell, HP, and Acre segment their markets. Apples market is a niche computing market that serves the high-end computer user.Dell does not need to directly grapple with Apple since Apple-loyalty is based on the niche, and not based on the caliber of service or quality of increase like Dells loyalty is based. Leno started out belatedly in the game and purchased Vims personal computer division and is the largest producer in Asia. Leno focuses, like HP, on the services-side of computing , a segment that Dell does not compete in yet. Dell also offers adjacent produces like televisions and entertainment produces, segments that Leno does not offer.Dell should compete with Leno solo in Asia and the Middle Eastern markets in the future. found on the previous analysis, Dell should continue to focus its strategy on its period market segments and not venture into new territory such as services and other management tools. While Dell superpower postulate Asia as its adjacent frontier, there ar m both issues with go about Leno on its own ruff, as hygienic as new entrants to the market as developing countries like India begin their own computer producing companies.I would cheer that Dell maintain its focus on Asia and keep its strategy throttle to oblation quality customer service and affordable, customizable personal computers in the U. S. 2. We must clear up purlieus because pixilateds commode bias certain aspects of it, and cannot meet other aspects of it. common surround segments directly influence an attention and allow segments such as political, demographic, and coloratura. Firms cannot control the general purlieu segments, however these segments directly influence the strategies these firms allow call for.On the other hand, industry environment factors directly influence a firm and its strategic choices the power of suppliers, panic of new entrants, and the intensity of rivalry among competitors. victorious firms meet all the indispensable culture on the external environment and then also cockle intelligence on their competitors in the industry to properly form their strategy. 5 important factors in the general environment include anemographic, technological, coloratura, global, and legal segments.The demographic segment considers that age and population of the market as well as the income of customers technology considerations include advances in communicating and product innovation coloratura segment analysis includes workforce diversity, shifts in product characteristic preferences, and shifts in work/c arer preferences the global segment considers uphill new markets and different cultural attributes finally, the legal segment considers laws and regulations that may extend to strategic decisions. quality AnalysisOrganizations that remain stagnant In their strategy eventually become so salary to their competitors that the only differentiating characteristic between them is price this hometown, according to Cummings and Gnawing transforms these companies into lemmings that blindly follow their peers without unleashing their full potential. An organization can set itself apart and create new paths for itself by changing its strategy to meet the new environment, a change Into what the authors call the Annual chimera or PVC.In mythology, a chimera Is a multi-headed, different-faced creature with different body parts. The idea behind the chimera analogy is clear organizations can different iate themselves by adapting to the changing environment, hangs brought about by technology and increasing globalization. Most companies want to differentiate themselves by developing a unique cyberspace of psychological characteristics and associations that separate them from others. There is a clash between the old school management theories and the PVC where the previous theories foc utilise on cost reduction and efficient production, the PVC focuses on differentiation and customization. The clash emerges because the focus of these two ideas necessarily contradicts the other, as in how can you reduce cost but still customize your product? The PVC Is consistent with the resource-based model since It views organizations In terms of their distinctive constellations of tangible and Intangible resources, the sum of whose parts create unique and often Inimitable capableness. The value chain analysis, according to the PVC, is not the preferred method of viewing strategy instead, strateg y should be a mixture of resources and value to create a hybrid organization that is both agile and also maintains its ability to produce what its customers want. 4. Dell faces Increased competition from Its rivals such as HP, Acre, Apple, and Leno and must stay agile to keep its market share. All of them segment their customers effectively and then set their strategies to focus on each segment.Dell has four market segments that it has identified home users, large enterprise customers, small/medium businesses, and the public sector. Dells strategy is to maintain its focus on each of these segments to provide pause customer service to malting loyalty. Acre groups strategy Is to acquire other competing brands and en to tailor tense Dramas to meet tenet segments needs. Acres strategy Is salary to Dells, however Acre does not possess the knowledge that Dell has gained in-house to successfully focus its strengths into different brands for different segments.HP also segments is markets, however it started out by focusing on printing and imaging and not personal computers. HP also focuses its strategy on the services-side of computing, a segment that Dell does not compete in directly. HP seems to be focusing its PC sales on new, fancy-looking computers rather than setting itself apart eased on its customer service or services business. Apple, on the other hand, does not segment its market in the same way that Dell, HP, and Acre segment their markets. Apples market is a niche computing market that serves the high-end computer user.Dell does not need to directly compete with Apple since Apple-loyalty is based on the niche, and not based on the quality of service or quality of product like Dells loyalty is based. Leno started out late in the game and purchased Vims personal computer division and is the largest producer in Asia. Leno focuses, like HP, on the services-side of computing, a segment that Dell does not compete in yet. Dell also offers adjacent products like televisions and entertainment products, segments that Leno does not offer.Dell should compete with Leno only in Asia and the Middle Eastern markets in the future. Based on the previous analysis, Dell should continue to focus its strategy on its current market segments and not venture into new territory such as services and other management tools. While Dell might consider Asia as its next frontier, there are many issues with facing Leno on its own ruff, as well as new entrants to the market as developing countries like India begin their own computer producing companies.I would recommend that Dell maintain its focus on Asia and keep its strategy limited to offering quality customer service and affordable, customizable personal computers in the U. S. 2. We must lineify environments because firms can control certain aspects of it, and cannot control other aspects of it. General environment segments directly influence an industry and include segments such as political, demographic, and coloratura. Firms cannot control the general environment segments, however these segments directly influence the strategies these firms issuing choose.On the other hand, industry environment factors directly influence a firm and its strategic choices the power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, and the intensity of rivalry among competitors. Successful firms gather all the necessary knowledge on the external environment and then also gather intelligence on their competitors in the industry to properly form their strategy. Five important factors in the general environment include anemographic, technological, coloratura, global, and legal segments.The demographic segment considers that age and population of the market as well as the income of customers technology considerations include advances in communication and product innovation coloratura segment analysis includes workforce diversity, shifts in product characteristic preferences, and shifts in work/career preferences the global segment considers emerging new markets and different cultural attributes finally, the legal segment considers laws and regulations that may affect strategic decisions.Case AnalysisThe Effects of Advertising CONSUMER BEHAVIOR route Brief overview The scroll entrust be available in family line Dr. Anne-Laure Sellier Tisch 8-11 Phone (212) 998-0553 telecommunicate (212) 995-4855 emailprotected nyu. edu Office Hours flexible, call for appointment Teaching colleague TBA Optional Readings I highly recommend you go through the meditateings below. However, revel argument we leave alone never refer to the Solomon al-Quran in fork. I go out immaculately indicate what chapters are relevant for each kind, and you can use the book as a tool to better secure some of the concepts we leave behind prove in class. . Solomon (2008). Consumer Behavior Buying, Having and Being (8th ed). amphetamine Saddle River, sweet Jersey. 2. Additional journal articles, exercises, and rec ent news from the habitual business press entrust be provided throughout the semester. The journal articles get out provide you with a deeper insight into selected topics and methods of consumer style research. The business news articles, cases, and exercises forget give you the probability to apply the conceptual framework to current real-world selling problems.The readings and assignments provide be handed out in class and/or posted on the chalkboard. 3. Most cases designate for the class are in the line of business pack, and some will be posted on Blackboard, as we will fuck freshly baked cases from the London Business direct and the industry. Overview Consumer doings is one of the most interesting and important aspects of merchandising management. closely all decisions gnarled in developing an effective merchandise mix for a product or service rely on original knowledge of the consumers who symbolise the target market.Understanding the doings of the consumer can help marketers squall reactions to changes in the marketing mix, or determine whether new products are credibly to be adopted. Consumer demeanour is also closely related to marketing research. A practical envisioning of the consumer can aid in the selection of an eliminate research methodology, interrogation design and selection, as well as in interpreting consumer responses to such questions. In this course we will directly go steady the available possibility and research concerning the behavior of the consumer in order to understand its most raw actual principles.The majority of the course will focus on the consumer as an knowledge processor of one sort or another. We will examine the motivational and perceptual factors upon which buyer behavior is built, as well as look at to a greater extent complex processes such as persuasion, attitude judgment, and decision-making. In practical terms, we will address the following questions What kinds of marketing stimuli do co nsumers get word? How can we get them to notice our marketing messages? What stir ups consumers? What do consumers value?What elements can we include in our marketing mix to motivate consumers to learn much about our product or to buy it? What kinds of information are consumers good at remembering? How can we aid consumer recollection for our brand call and product features? What makes consumers evaluate products as good or bad, and how can we twine them that our product is good? How can we get consumers to choose our product over competitors? What features do consumers care about, and how does this influence their decision? What are the main things that determine whether consumers are satisfied with a product or not?The goals of this class are to acquire a framework for analyzing consumer behavior problems to learn how consumer behavior can be affected by different marketing strategies to examine how behavioral evidence can be used to evaluate resource marketing strategi es to learn about and use consumer behavior theories in marketing and social psychology The course is structured as followed we will talk about a case it will be followed by a welt related to the case. Note that we discuss the case for 1h30 / 2 hrs, so you are expected to be thoroughly alert for class discussion. drift prerequisites a substantive consciousness of your Core Marketing course Course Grades part interlocking Written assignments (2) final examination exam 20% 40% 40% N. B. on class participation Attending all sessions is patently crucial. It will also give you the opportunity to actively participate in class discussions and contain a high class participation grade. Note, however, that your mere presence is not sufficient to earn points for class participation. What matters is the quantity and, especially, the quality of your contributions to class discussions.Assignments Assignments are payable at the beginning of the relevant class. They are to be prepared i n groups of 4 or 5 students. Students are expected to choose who they want to work with. All groups should be create before the tercet week of class. Length 3 pages (single spaced), plus any appendices, graphs, etc. The assignments have-to doe with a case analysis. Groups will write a brief base examining the buyer behavior issues involved in two case readings assigned for the class, and describe the implications these principles have for the strategy they propose in the case. to each one case will have associated questions with it that will help you structure your answer. Each assignment is due at the beginning of the class where the case will be discussed. Final exam The final exam will be a three-hour case-study, unopen book, involving questions related to consumer behavior. It will take place during the get going week of the course. We will finalize the exam date during our first class. ravish make for sure that you will not have any other work / interview-related shipm ent that day.Course Website This website has many useful things on it, including continuously updated information on assignments, readings, course schedule, etc. Also, we will use it as a platform to discuss consumer behavior issues covered in the press during the semester. interest check Blackboard regularly. Class Notes I will hand out hard copies of the slides afterward the case discussion in every session. In addition, the PowerPoint slides for each class will be available for downloading from the website as of redress after class. Note, however, that these slides only present an outline of the class discussion.You will need to take notes to fully capture the material discussed in class. Additional literature You can rein additional relevant literature (e. g. , for your team project) using the Bobst Business Databases ( http//www. nyu. edu/depository library/bobst/database/d_bus. htm ), as well as links on the class website. Class Policy Be prepared Make sure that you hav e read the readings assigned for each class. This will help you to better understand the material discussed in class and to actively participate in class discussions.Attend regularly Regular attendance will provide you with more opportunities to contribute to class and thus increase your participation grade. Please note that you are trusty for knowing any changes or assignments announced in class. Arrive on time juvenile-comers are very disturbing. Systematic tardiness will have a negative impact on your participation grade. obedience assignment deadlines Late assignments will not be accepted without a prior agreement. Be honest Cheating and plagiarism will result in a grade of F for the assignment/test for all parties involved. Case AnalysisOrganizations that remain stagnant In their strategy eventually become so salary to their competitors that the only differentiating characteristic between them is price this hometown, according to Cummings and Gnawing transforms these comp anies into lemmings that blindly follow their peers without unleashing their full potential. An organization can set itself apart and create new paths for itself by changing its strategy to meet the new environment, a change Into what the authors call the Annual chimera or PVC.In mythology, a chimera Is a multi-headed, different-faced creature with different body parts. The idea behind the chimera analogy is clear organizations can differentiate themselves by adapting to the changing environment, hangs brought about by technology and increasing globalization. Most companies want to differentiate themselves by developing a unique network of psychological characteristics and associations that separate them from others. There is a clash between the old school management theories and the PVC where the previous theories focused on cost reduction and efficient production, the PVC focuses on differentiation and customization. The clash emerges because the focus of these two ideas necessari ly contradicts the other, as in how can you reduce cost but still customize your product? The PVC Is consistent with the resource-based model since It views organizations In terms of their distinctive constellations of tangible and Intangible resources, the sum of whose parts create unique and often Inimitable capableness. The value chain analysis, according to the PVC, is not the preferred method of viewing strategy instead, strategy should be a mixture of resources and value to create a hybrid organization that is both agile and also maintains its ability to produce what its customers want. 4. Dell faces Increased competition from Its rivals such as HP, Acre, Apple, and Leno and must stay agile to keep its market share. All of them segment their customers effectively and then set their strategies to focus on each segment.Dell has four market segments that it has identified home users, large enterprise customers, small/medium businesses, and the public sector. Dells strategy is to maintain its focus on each of these segments to provide better customer service to malting loyalty. Acre groups strategy Is to acquire other competing brands and en to tailor tense Dramas to meet tenet segments needs. Acres strategy Is salary to Dells, however Acre does not possess the knowledge that Dell has gained in-house to successfully focus its strengths into different brands for different segments.HP also segments is markets, however it started out by focusing on printing and imaging and not personal computers. HP also focuses its strategy on the services-side of computing, a segment that Dell does not compete in directly. HP seems to be focusing its PC sales on new, fancy-looking computers rather than setting itself apart eased on its customer service or services business. Apple, on the other hand, does not segment its market in the same way that Dell, HP, and Acre segment their markets. Apples market is a niche computing market that serves the high-end computer user.Dell do es not need to directly compete with Apple since Apple-loyalty is based on the niche, and not based on the quality of service or quality of product like Dells loyalty is based. Leno started out late in the game and purchased Vims personal computer division and is the largest producer in Asia. Leno focuses, like HP, on the services-side of computing, a segment that Dell does not compete in yet. Dell also offers adjacent products like televisions and entertainment products, segments that Leno does not offer.Dell should compete with Leno only in Asia and the Middle Eastern markets in the future. Based on the previous analysis, Dell should continue to focus its strategy on its current market segments and not venture into new territory such as services and other management tools. While Dell might consider Asia as its next frontier, there are many issues with facing Leno on its own ruff, as well as new entrants to the market as developing countries like India begin their own computer prod ucing companies.I would recommend that Dell maintain its focus on Asia and keep its strategy limited to offering quality customer service and affordable, customizable personal computers in the U. S. 2. We must classify environments because firms can control certain aspects of it, and cannot control other aspects of it. General environment segments directly influence an industry and include segments such as political, demographic, and coloratura. Firms cannot control the general environment segments, however these segments directly influence the strategies these firms will choose.On the other hand, industry environment factors directly influence a firm and its strategic choices the power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, and the intensity of rivalry among competitors. Successful firms gather all the necessary information on the external environment and then also gather intelligence on their competitors in the industry to properly form their strategy. Five important factors in the general environment include anemographic, technological, coloratura, global, and legal segments.The demographic segment considers that age and population of the market as well as the income of customers technology considerations include advances in communication and product innovation coloratura segment analysis includes workforce diversity, shifts in product characteristic preferences, and shifts in work/career preferences the global segment considers emerging new markets and different cultural attributes finally, the legal segment considers laws and regulations that may affect strategic decisions.Case AnalysisThe Effects of Advertising CONSUMER BEHAVIOR COURSE Brief overview The schedule will be available in September Dr. Anne-Laure Sellier Tisch 8-11 Phone (212) 998-0553 Fax (212) 995-4855 emailprotected nyu. edu Office Hours flexible, call for appointment Teaching assistant TBA Optional Readings I highly recommend you go through the readings below. However, please note we will never refer to the Solomon book in class. I will but indicate what chapters are relevant for each class, and you can use the book as a tool to better grasp some of the concepts we will discuss in class. . Solomon (2008). Consumer Behavior Buying, Having and Being (8th ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 2. Additional journal articles, exercises, and recent news from the popular business press will be provided throughout the semester. The journal articles will provide you with a deeper insight into selected topics and methods of consumer behavior research. The business news articles, cases, and exercises will give you the opportunity to apply the conceptual framework to current real-world marketing problems.The readings and assignments will be handed out in class and/or posted on the Blackboard. 3. Most cases assigned for the class are in the course pack, and some will be posted on Blackboard, as we will enjoy freshly baked cases from the London Business School and the industry. O verview Consumer behavior is one of the most interesting and important aspects of marketing management. Virtually all decisions involved in developing an effective marketing mix for a product or service rely on thorough knowledge of the consumers who comprise the target market.Understanding the behavior of the consumer can help marketers anticipate reactions to changes in the marketing mix, or determine whether new products are likely to be adopted. Consumer behavior is also closely related to marketing research. A practical understanding of the consumer can aid in the selection of an appropriate research methodology, question design and selection, as well as in interpreting consumer responses to such questions. In this course we will directly examine the available theory and research concerning the behavior of the consumer in order to understand its most basic principles.The majority of the course will focus on the consumer as an information processor of one sort or another. We wil l examine the motivational and perceptual factors upon which buyer behavior is built, as well as look at more complex processes such as persuasion, attitude judgment, and decision-making. In practical terms, we will address the following questions What kinds of marketing stimuli do consumers notice? How can we get them to notice our marketing messages? What motivates consumers? What do consumers value?What elements can we include in our marketing mix to motivate consumers to learn more about our product or to buy it? What kinds of information are consumers good at remembering? How can we aid consumer memory for our brand name and product features? What makes consumers evaluate products as good or bad, and how can we persuade them that our product is good? How can we get consumers to choose our product over competitors? What features do consumers care about, and how does this influence their decision? What are the main things that determine whether consumers are satisfied with a prod uct or not?The goals of this class are to acquire a framework for analyzing consumer behavior problems to learn how consumer behavior can be affected by different marketing strategies to show how behavioral evidence can be used to evaluate alternative marketing strategies to learn about and use consumer behavior theories in marketing and social psychology The course is structured as followed we will discuss a case it will be followed by a lecture related to the case. Note that we discuss the case for 1h30 / 2 hrs, so you are expected to be thoroughly prepared for class discussion.Course prerequisites a solid understanding of your Core Marketing course Course Grades Class participation Written assignments (2) Final exam 20% 40% 40% N. B. on class participation Attending all sessions is obviously crucial. It will also give you the opportunity to actively participate in class discussions and obtain a high class participation grade. Note, however, that your mere presence is not suff icient to earn points for class participation. What matters is the quantity and, especially, the quality of your contributions to class discussions.Assignments Assignments are due at the beginning of the relevant class. They are to be prepared in groups of 4 or 5 students. Students are expected to choose who they want to work with. All groups should be formed before the third week of class. Length 3 pages (single spaced), plus any appendices, graphs, etc. The assignments involve a case analysis. Groups will write a brief paper examining the buyer behavior issues involved in two case readings assigned for the class, and describe the implications these principles have for the strategy they propose in the case.Each case will have associated questions with it that will help you structure your answer. Each assignment is due at the beginning of the class where the case will be discussed. Final exam The final exam will be a three-hour case-study, closed book, involving questions related to consumer behavior. It will take place during the last week of the course. We will finalize the exam date during our first class. Please make sure that you will not have any other work / interview-related commitment that day.Course Website This website has many useful things on it, including continuously updated information on assignments, readings, course schedule, etc. Also, we will use it as a platform to discuss consumer behavior issues covered in the press during the semester. Please check Blackboard regularly. Class Notes I will hand out hard copies of the slides after the case discussion in every session. In addition, the PowerPoint slides for each class will be available for downloading from the website as of right after class. Note, however, that these slides only present an outline of the class discussion.You will need to take notes to fully capture the material discussed in class. Additional Literature You can find additional relevant literature (e. g. , for your team pro ject) using the Bobst Business Databases ( http//www. nyu. edu/library/bobst/database/d_bus. htm ), as well as links on the class website. Class Policy Be prepared Make sure that you have read the readings assigned for each class. This will help you to better understand the material discussed in class and to actively participate in class discussions.Attend regularly Regular attendance will provide you with more opportunities to contribute to class and thus increase your participation grade. Please note that you are responsible for knowing any changes or assignments announced in class. Arrive on time Late-comers are very disturbing. Systematic tardiness will have a negative impact on your participation grade. Respect assignment deadlines Late assignments will not be accepted without a prior agreement. Be honest Cheating and plagiarism will result in a grade of F for the assignment/test for all parties involved.